The block-IF is a more flexible version of the single line IF. A simple example,
IF (i .EQ. 0) THEN PRINT*, "I is Zero" ELSE PRINT*, "I is NOT Zero" ENDIF
note the how indentation helps.
Can also have one or more ELSEIF branches:
IF (i .EQ. 0) THEN PRINT*, "I is Zero" ELSE IF (i .GT. 0) THEN PRINT*, "I is greater than Zero" ELSE PRINT*, "I must be less than Zero" ENDIF
Both ELSE and ELSEIF are optional.