The block-IF is a more flexible version of the single line IF. A simple example,
IF (i .EQ. 0) THEN
PRINT*, "I is Zero"
ELSE
PRINT*, "I is NOT Zero"
ENDIF
note the how indentation helps.
Can also have one or more ELSEIF branches:
IF (i .EQ. 0) THEN
PRINT*, "I is Zero"
ELSE IF (i .GT. 0) THEN
PRINT*, "I is greater than Zero"
ELSE
PRINT*, "I must be less than Zero"
ENDIF
Both ELSE and ELSEIF are optional.